138 research outputs found
Comment on "T-dependence of the magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors at low temperatures: Can it be linear?"
We show that the clean superconductor with line of gap nodes is not in
conflict with the Nernst theorem. The answer to the question in the title of
the Schopohl-Dolgov paper in Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 (1998) 4761 (cond-mat/9802264)
is yes.Comment: Comment to the paper by Schopohl and Dolgov in Phys. Rev. Lett. 80
(1998) 4761 (cond-mat/9802264), RevTex file, 1 page, no figures, typos are
corrected, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Comment on "Is the nonlinear Meissner effect unobservable?"
In a recent Letter (Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, p.5640 (1998), cond-mat/9808249 v3),
it was suggested that nonlocal effects may prevent observation of the nonlinear
Meissner effect in YBCO. We argue that this claim is incorrect with regards to
measurements of the nonlinear transverse magnetic moment, and that the most
likely reason for a null result lies elsewhere.Comment: 1 pag
Multiple stochastic pathways in forced peptide-lipid membrane detachment
We have used high resolution AFM based dynamic force spectroscopy to investigate peptide-lipid membrane interactions by measuring the detachment (last-rupture) force distribution, P(F), and the corresponding force dependent rupture rate, k(F), for two different peptides and lipid bilayers. The measured quantities, which differed considerably for different peptides, lipid-membranes, AFM tips (prepared under identical conditions), and retraction speeds of the AFM cantilever, could not be described in terms of the standard theory, according to which detachment occurs along a single pathway, corresponding to a diffusive escape process across a free energy barrier. In particular, the prominent retraction speed dependence of k(F) was a clear indication that peptide-lipid membrane dissociation occurs stochastically along several detachment pathways. Thereby, we have formulated a general theoretical approach for describing P(F) and k(F), by assuming that peptide detachment from lipid membranes occurs, with certain probability, along a few dominant diffusive pathways. This new method was validated through a consistent interpretation of the experimental data. Furthermore, we have found that for moderate retraction speeds at intermediate force values, k(F) exhibits catch-bond behavior (i.e. decreasing detachment rate with increasing force). According to the proposed model this behavior is due to the stochastic mixing of individual detachment pathways which do not convert or cross during rupture. To our knowledge, such catch-bond mechanism has not been proposed and demonstrated before for a peptide-lipid interaction
Algorithm for obtaining the gradient expansion of the local density of states and the free energy of a superconductor
We present an efficient algorithm for obtaining the gauge-invariant gradient
expansion of the local density of states and the free energy of a clean
superconductor. Our method is based on a new mapping of the semiclassical
linearized Gorkov equations onto a pseudo-Schroedinger equation for a
three-component wave-function psi(x), where one component is directly related
to the local density of states. Because psi(x) satisfies a linear equation of
motion, successive terms in the gradient expansion can be obtained by simple
linear iteration. Our method works equally well for real and complex order
parameter, and in the presence of arbitrary external fields. We confirm a
recent calculation of the fourth order correction to the free energy by
Kosztin, Kos, Stone and Leggett [Phys. Rev. B 58, 9365 (1998)], who obtained a
discrepancy with an earlier result by Tewordt [Z. Phys. 180, 385 (1964)]. We
also give the fourth order correction to the local density of states, which has
not been published before.Comment: 12 preprint pages, added remark concerning Eilenberger equation,
accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Phase Fluctuations and Pseudogap Properties: Influence of Nonmagnetic Impurities
The presence of nonmagnetic impurities in a 2D ``bad metal'' depresses the
superconducting Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition temperature, while
leaving the pairing energy scale unchanged. Thus the region of the pseudogap
non-superconducting phase, where the modulus of the order parameter is non-zero
but its phase is random, and which opens at the pairing temperature is
substantially bigger than for the clean system. This supports the premise that
fluctuations in the phase of the order parameter can in principle describe the
pseudogap phenomena in high- materials over a rather wide range of
temperatures and carrier densities. The temperature dependence of the bare
superfluid density is also discussed.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX, 1 EPS figure; final version to appear in
Low.Temp.Phy
Pairing Fluctuation Theory of Superconducting Properties in Underdoped to Overdoped Cuprates
We propose a theoretical description of the superconducting state of under-
to overdoped cuprates, based on the short coherence length of these materials
and the associated strong pairing fluctuations. The calculated and the
zero temperature excitation gap , as a function of hole
concentration , are in semi-quantitative agreement with experiment. Although
the ratio has a strong dependence, different from the
universal BCS value, and deviates significantly from the BCS
prediction, we obtain, quite remarkably, quasi-universal behavior, for the
normalized superfluid density and the Josephson critical
current , as a function of . While experiments on
are consistent with these results, future measurements on
are needed to test this prediction.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Non-Locality and Strong Coupling in the Heavy Fermion Superconductor CeCoIn: A Penetration Depth Study
We report measurements of the magnetic penetration depth in single
crystals of CeCoIn down to 0.14 K using a tunnel-diode based,
self-inductive technique at 28 MHz. While the in-plane penetration depth tends
to follow a power law, , the data are better
described as a crossover between linear ({\it T} ) and
quadratic ({\it T} ) behavior, with the
crossover temperature in the strong-coupling limit. The {\it c}-axis
penetration depth is linear in {\it T}, providing evidence
that CeCoIn is a {\it d}-wave superconductor with line nodes along the
{\it c}-axis. The different temperature dependences of and
rule out impurity effects as the source of .Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
The influence of chiral surface states on the London penetration depth in SrRuO
The London penetration depth for the unconventional superconductor
SrRuO is analyzed assuming an order parameter which breaks time
reversal symmetry and parity simultaneously. Such a superconducting state
possesses chiral quasiparticle states with subgap energies at the surface. We
show that these subgap states can give a significant contribution to the
low-temperature behavior of the London penetration depth yielding a
power-law even though bulk quasiparticle spectrum is gapped. The presence of
several electron bands gives rise to interband transition among the subgap
surface states and influences the properties of the surface impedance.
Furthermore, the surface states lead also to a non-linear Meissner effect.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, the definition of the Nambu field operator
introduced, and some typos correcte
Interlayer Coupling and p-wave Pairing in Strontium Ruthenate
On the basis of a three orbital model and an effective attractive interaction
between electrons we investigate the possible superconducting states, with
and -wave internal symmetry, of SrRuO. For an orbital dependent
interaction which acts between in plane and out of plane nearest neighbour
Ruthenium atoms we find a state for which the gap in the quasi-particle spectra
has a line node on the and sheets of the Fermi Surface, but
it is complex with no nodes on the -sheet. We show that this state is
consistent with all the available experimental data. In particular, we present
the results of our calculations of the specific heat and penetration depth as
functions of the temperature.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Density of States and Energy Gap in Andreev Billiards
We present numerical results for the local density of states in semiclassical
Andreev billiards. We show that the energy gap near the Fermi energy develops
in a chaotic billiard. Using the same method no gap is found in similar square
and circular billiards.Comment: 9 pages, 6 Postscript figure
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